Windows Registry Basics

2021年5月29日
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Windows Registry is a hierarchical database that stores configuration settings and options on Microsoft Windows operating systems.It contains settings for low-level operating system components as well as the applications running on the platform: the kernel, device drivers, services, SAM, user interface and third party applications all make use of the Registry. Windows Registry An alternative to open the Registry Editor that works the same in Windows 10, Windows 8.1 and Windows 7, is to use the Run window to launch it. Open Run by simultaneously pressing the Windows + R keys on your keyboard, write “regedit” inside the Open text field, and then click or tap OK. The Windows Registry is a hierarchical database that stores low-level settings for the Microsoft Windows operating system and for applications that opt to use the registry. The kernel, device drivers, services, Security Accounts Manager, and user interface can all use the regis.
The Windows registry is a database that contains information regarding almost everything in your computer — preferences, applications, users, attached devices, and other important machine-specific settings. The registry contains two basic elements: registry keys and values. Understand the consequences of editing the Registry. The Windows Registry stores information about every process, program, and setting on your computer, so removing the wrong entry can result in your computer failing to work properly.
Overview
The Registry is a database used to store settings and options for the 32 bit versions of Microsoft Windows including Windows 95, 98, ME and NT/2000. It contains information and settings for all the hardware, software, users, and preferences of the PC. Whenever a user makes changes to a Control Panel settings, or File Associations, System Policies, or installed software, the changes are reflected and stored in the Registry.
The physical files that make up the registry are stored differently depending on your version of Windows; under Windows 95 & 98 it is contained in two hidden files in your Windows directory, called USER.DAT and SYSTEM.DAT, for Windows Me there is an additional CLASSES.DAT file, while under Windows NT/2000 the files are contained seperately in the %SystemRoot%System32Config directory. You can not edit these files directly, you must use a tool commonly known as a ’Registry Editor’ to make any changes (using registry editors will be discussed later in the article).
The Structure of the Registry
The Registry has a hierarchal structure, although it looks complicated the structure is similar to the directory structure on your hard disk, with Regedit being similar to Windows Explorer.Each main branch (denoted by a folder icon in the Registry Editor, see left) is called a Hive, and Hives contains Keys. Each key can contain other keys (sometimes referred to as sub-keys), as well as Values. The values contain the actual information stored in the Registry. There are three types of values; String, Binary, and DWORD - the use of these depends upon the context.
There are six main branches, each containing a specific portion of the information stored in the Registry. They are as follows:
*HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT - This branch contains all of your file association mappings to support the drag-and-drop feature, OLE information, Windows shortcuts, and core aspects of the Windows user interface.
*HKEY_CURRENT_USER - This branch links to the section of HKEY_USERS appropriate for the user currently logged onto the PC and contains information such as logon names, desktop settings, and Start menu settings.
*HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE - This branch contains computer specific information about the type of hardware, software, and other preferences on a given PC, this information is used for all users who log onto this computer.
*HKEY_USERS - This branch contains individual preferences for each user of the computer, each user is represented by a SID sub-key located under the main branch.
*HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG - This branch links to the section of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE appropriate for the current hardware configuration.
*HKEY_DYN_DATA - This branch points to the part of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, for use with the Plug-&-Play features of Windows, this section is dymanic and will change as devices are added and removed from the system.
Each registry value is stored as one of five main data types: Sugarsync.
*REG_BINARY - This type stores the value as raw binary data. Most hardware component information is stored as binary data, and can be displayed in an editor in hexadecimal format.
*REG_DWORD - This type represents the data by a four byte number and is commonly used for boolean values, such as ’0’ is disabled and ’1’ is enabled. Additionally many parameters for device driver and services are this type, and can be displayed in REGEDT32 in binary, hexadecimal and decimal format, or in REGEDIT in hexadecimal and decimal format.
*REG_EXPAND_SZ - This type is an expandable data string that is string containing a variable to be replaced when called by an application. For example, for the following value, the string ’%SystemRoot%’ will replaced by the actual location of the directory containing the Windows NT system files. (This type is only available using an advanced registry editor such as REGEDT32)
*REG_MULTI_SZ - This type is a multiple string used to represent values that contain lists or multiple values, each entry is separated by a NULL character. (This type is only available using an advanced registry editor such as REGEDT32)
*REG_SZ - This type is a standard string, used to represent human readable text values.
Other data types not available through the standard registry editors include:
*REG_DWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN - A 32-bit number in little-endian format.
*REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN - A 32-bit number in big-endian format.
*REG_LINK - A Unicode symbolic link. Used internally; applications should not use this type.
*REG_NONE - No defined value type.
*REG_QWORD - A 64-bit number.
*REG_QWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN - A 64-bit number in little-endian format.
*REG_RESOURCE_LIST - A device-driver resource list.
Editing the Registry
The Registry Editor (REGEDIT.EXE) is included with most version of Windows (although you won’t find it on the Start Menu) it enables you to view, search and edit the data within the Registry. There are several methods for starting the Registry Editor, the simplest is to click on the Start button, then select Run, and in the Open box type ’regedit’, and if the Registry Editor is installed it should now open and look like the image below.
An alternative Registry Editor (REGEDT32.EXE) is available for use with Windows NT/2000, it includes some additional features not found in the standard version, including; the ability to view and modify security permissions, and being able to create and modify the extended string values REG_EXPAND_SZ & REG_MULTI_SZ.
Create a Shortcut to Regedit
This can be done by simply right-clicking on a blank area of your desktop, selecting New, then Shortcut, then in the Command line box enter ’regedit.exe’ and click Next, enter a friendly name (e.g. ’Registry Editor’) then click Finish and now you can double click on the new icon to launch the Registry Editor.
Using Regedit to modify your Registry
Once you have started the Regedit you will notice that on the left side there is a tree with folders, and on the right the contents (values) of the currently selected folder.
Like Windows explorer, to expand a certain branch (see the structure of the registry section), click on the plus sign [+] to the left of any folder, or just double-click on the folder. To display the contents of a key (folder), just click the desired key, and look at the values listed on the right side. You can add a new key or value by selecting New from the Edit menu, or by right-clicking your mouse. And you can rename any value and almost any key with the same method used to rename files; right-click on an object and click rename, or click on it twice (slowly), or just press F2 on the keyboard. Lastly, you can delete a key or value by clicking on it, and pressing Delete on the keyboard, or by right-clicking on it, and choosing Delete.
Note: it is always a good idea to backup your registry before making any changes to it. It can be intimidating to a new user, and there is always the possibility of changing or deleting a critical setting causing you to have to reinstall the whole operating system. It’s much better to be safe than sorry!
Importing and Exporting Registry Settings
A great feature of the Registry Editor is it’s ability to import and export registry settings to a text file, this text file, identified by the .REG extension, can then be saved or shared with other people to easily modify local registry settings. You can see the layout of these text files by simply exporting a key to a file and opening it in Notepad, to do this using the Registry Editor select a key, then from the ’Registry’ menu choose ’Export Registry File..’, choose a filename and save. If you open this file in notepad you will see a file similar to the example below:
REGEDIT4
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMSetup]
’SetupType’=dword:00000000
’CmdLine’=’setup -newsetup’
’SystemPrefix’=hex:c5,0b,00,00,00,40,36,02
The layout is quite simple, REGEDIT4 indicated the file type and version, [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMSetup] indicated the key the values are from, ’SetupType’=dword:00000000 are the values themselves the portion after the ’=’ will vary depending on the type of value they are; DWORD, String or Binary.
So by simply editing this file to make the changes you want, it can then be easily distributed and all that need to be done is to double-click, or choose ’Import’ from the Registry menu, for the settings to be added to the system Registry.
Deleting keys or values using a REG file
It is also possible to delete keys and values using REG files. To delete a key start by using the same format as the the REG file above, but place a ’-’ symbol in front of the key name you want to delete. For example to delete the [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMSetup] key the reg file would look like this:
REGEDIT4
[-HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMSetup]
The format used to delete individual values is similar, but instead of a minus sign in front of the whole key, place it after the equal sign of the value. For example, to delete the value ’SetupType’ the file would look like:
REGEDIT4
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMSetup]
’SetupType’=-
Use this feature with care, as deleting the wrong key or value could cause major problems within the registry, so remember to always make a backup first.
Regedit Command Line Options
Regedit has a number of command line options to help automate it’s use in either batch files or from the command prompt. Listed below are some of the options, please note the some of the functions are operating system specific.
regedit.exe [options] [filename] [regpath]
[filename]
Import .reg file into the registry
/s [filename]
Silent import, i.e. hide confirmation box when importing files
/e [filename] [regpath]
Export the registry to [filename] starting at [regpath] e.g. regedit /e file.reg HKEY_USERS.DEFAULT
/L:system
Specify the location of the system.dat to use
/R:user
Specify the location of the user.dat to use
C [filename]
Compress (Windows 98)
/D [regpath]
Delete the specified key (Windows 98)
Maintaining the Registry
On Windows NT you can use either the ’Last Known Good’ option or RDISK to restore to registry to a stable working configuration.
How can I clean out old data from the Registry?
Although it’s possible to manually go through the Registry and delete unwanted entries, Microsoft provides a tool to automate the process, the program is called RegClean. RegClean analyzes Windows Registry keys stored in a common location in the Windows Registry. It finds keys that contain erroneous values, it removes them from the Windows Registry after having recording those entries in the Undo.Reg file.Learn the Basics of Windows Registry Editor
Before working in Registry Editor which is more incredible and powerful tool, you must have sufficient knowledge about the basics of Windows Registry Editor.
Previously, we have been gone through How To Restart Windows’ Explorer.Exe Using Taskbar And Start Menu and How to Add Control Panel Shortcut to Windows 10 Right Click Menu
We have also discussed about Everything You Need To Know Windows 11 Release Date, Features And Improvement.
Through your feedback, I felt to write about the very basics of Windows Registry Editor for all Windows Systems.
So, let’s start our tutorial about the basics of windows registry editor.
The command prompt is a Registry Editor alternative. So you can imagine the importance of this tool. Whenever you need to tweak up some components of the Window, you must have to make changes in the Registry.
For those who are working in computers must have knowledge about the basics of the registry hacks. Here, in this article, we’ll tell you about Windows Registry.What is Registry Editor?
The Registry Editor is a categorized database that has all the configurations about all components, applications, services, and many more used in Windows.
Here, in the Registry two basic concepts are used:
*Keys: Registry object are originally are folders and their interface also looks like folders.
*Values: the values are the objects such as files in a folder. These values contain the actual settings of the applications and services being used in Windows
If you are a beginner and opening Registry Editor for the first time, you will see a window pane presented at the left side of the main window which contains all the keys being used in Window.Windows Registry Key
The keys have their values which will be given in the right side pane. It is all about its general window interface.
Try these also:Fix Windows Registry
Each key which you can see in the above screen shot has its own importance and it contains a different set of information than other keys. So, it depends upon you, which type of key and values you want to edit or change.
Three of five root-level keys linked together to contain a heavy set of the information. When you remove a bulk of information in the Registry, surely you wouldn’t find your PC’s Windows in stable condition.
*HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
This section is used to take actions on Windows file types and their associations. Normally, this key is used with the abbreviation of HKCR and it is linked with HKLMSoftwareClasses.
This can also be used to tweak the context menu for a specific file type. II. HKEY_CURRENT_USER
Generally, it is abbreviated as HKCU. It is being used to hold all the settings of the user who is currently logged in and it is linked with HKEY_USERS<SID-FOR-CURRENT-USER>.
Most of the part of user-level settings is present in its sub-key HKLMSoftware. III. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
This section is abbreviated as HKLM and it contains all system-wide settings. Whenever you need to check the machine-wide settings, you have to use the HKLM/system key. IV. HKEY_USERS
This section contains all the settings of all the users of the system. Whenever you need to check the settings of a user on your system, you can use this key. It is also abbreviated as HKCU V. HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG
It contains the information of the current hardware configuration. This key is linked to HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetHardware ProfilesCurrent.
Those who are too much technical with hardware can use this key.Building new Keys and Values:
In the left-hand pane, when you right-click on any key a set of options will appear in a sub-menu which you can understand with ease. These options are simple and understandable.
When you build up a new key it will appear in the left-hand pane of the Registry Editor window and its values will appear on the right-hand side. Some values that are regularly used are:· String Value (REG_SZ):
As its name shows that it contains string values that can be fit in a string. Human-understandable strings can also be edited without breaking everything· Binary Value (REG_BINARY):
Here, it is difficult to edit these keys because there are the values in the form of arbitrary binary data.· DWORD (32-bit) Value (REG_DWORD):
It contains regular integer values. It can either be 0 or 1, or 0 to 4,294,967,295.· QWORD (64-bit) Value (REG_QWORD):
It is basically a 64-bit integer value which is commonly not used very often for registry hacks.· Multi-String Value (REG_MULTI_SZ:
These values work like a text editor window. You can add multi-textual information to it.· Expandable String Value (REG_EXPAND_SZ):
It contains environment variables which are used for system paths.
Let’s learn some other basics of Windows registry editor.The Favorites Menu:
In the Favorites Menu of the Registry Editor, there are many useful and interesting features in it that is normally used to check a registry location regularly. Here, the interesting thing is that you can export the list of favorites. The list of favorites can be used on another computer without having to browse down for the keys. Just add them to the favorites menu.Windows Registry Cleaner
If you want to bookmark something you can use this one. When you are looking for multiple locations, you can easily get back to the location you were at.How to Export Registry File?Registry Settings For Windows 10
Exporting a registry keys is very simple and easy. Just right-click on the key and choose Export. In case, when you start changing your system’s settings via registry, it becomes important to export files.
Once you got your exported keys, double-click on it to enter the information back to the registry. If you choose edit you can have a look at the contents in Notepad.
The format of these files is very simple and understandable. Value names are appeared at left and actual values in right-side.How to set Permissions?
In the registry hacks, some values need permissions to be changed because of default settings. You can make it possible to change this scheme or edit registry values by right-clicking and choosing Permissions. Now you are able to adjust them according to your need.
Edit of these keys need a bulk of data to be changed. So, it is better to leave them without diving in their values.Loading Registry Hives:
If you want to load a registry from an offline system, you must use File > Load Hive feature. You need to load Registry Hives when you troubleshoot on another computer to check that what is going on in Registry for a system which isn’t booting. So, you have to boot the system from a rescue disk, a live Window CD, then copy the registry files onto your thumb derives.
Now, open copied registry files on another compute

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